Question 1

The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 109 yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is

Accepted Answer

A)   8.1 × 10-10 yr.
B)   2.4 × 109 yr.
C)   2.8 × 109 yr.
D)   4.6 × 109 yr.
E)   6.8 × 109 yr.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

Accepted Answer

A)   100 µm.
B)   5000 mm.
C)   100 nm.
D)   5 × 10-3 pm.
E)   500 pm.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

A self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions is called a ________ ________ ________.

Accepted Answer

nuclear ch...

Question 4

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood. How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Less than 5730 yr
B)   Between 5730 and 11,460 yr
C)   Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr
D)   More than 17,190 yrE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. Which particular isotope of this element is formed?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Beta particles are identical to

Accepted Answer

A)   protons.
B)   helium atoms.
C)   hydrogen atoms.
D)   helium nuclei.
E)   electrons.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0:  t = 25.0 s:  What is the half-life of A?

Accepted Answer

A)   6.25 s
B)   18.8 s
C)   25.0 s
D)   50.0 s
E)   60.2 sF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus (mass number > 200) divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more protons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A pure sample of tritium, 3H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of 3H and 6.35 mol of 3He present?

Accepted Answer

A)   2.34 yr
B)   3.38 yr
C)   9.77 yr
D)   14.1 yr
E)   25.6 yrF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

A particle accelerator uses which of the following to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Electromagnetic fields
B)   Fission reaction
C)   Gravitational field
D)   Fusion reaction
E)   Combustion reactionF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable?

Accepted Answer

A)   (40Ca) 
B)   (32S) 
C)   (30Al) 
D)   (55Mn) 
E)   (119Sn) F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

Accepted Answer

A)   3.2 × 10-7 millirem
B)   5.2 × 10-7 millirem
C)   5.2 × 10-4 millirem
D)   3.2 × 10-2 millirem
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 220Rn → ? + alpha particle

Accepted Answer

A)   Ra-224
B)   Rn-224
C)   Rn-216
D)   At-220
E)   Po-216F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

A gamma particle has a charge of -1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which type of radiation is the most dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protons
B)   Neutrons
C)   Alpha
D)   Beta
E)   GammaF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40? 26 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  A)  1.33 × 10-12 J/nucleon B)  5.33 × 10-11 J/nucleon C)  5.64 × 10-11 J/nucleon D)  1.41 × 10-12 J/nucleon E)  2.97 × 10-12 J/nucleon" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1;
C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)   1.33 × 10-12 J/nucleon
B)   5.33 × 10-11 J/nucleon
C)   5.64 × 10-11 J/nucleon
D)   1.41 × 10-12 J/nucleon
E)   2.97 × 10-12 J/nucleonF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

A ________ ________ uses electric and magnetic fields to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur.

Accepted Answer

particle a...

Question 18

Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, 3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.  3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.   A)  0.029 yr B)  7.4 yr C)  9.1 yr D)  16 yr E)  35 yr" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)   0.029 yr
B)   7.4 yr
C)   9.1 yr
D)   16 yr
E)   35 yrF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission. What isotope is also produced by this transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pa-234
B)   Th-237
C)   Pu-237
D)   Th-231
E)   Pu-239F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable?

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A self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions is called a ________ ________ ________.

Correct Answerverifiednuclear ch...View AnswerShow Answer

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood. How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gamma particle has a charge of -1.

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A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beta particles are identical to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus (mass number > 200) divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more protons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of radiation is the most dangerous to humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. Which particular isotope of this element is formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

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The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 109 yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pure sample of tritium, 3H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of 3H and 6.35 mol of 3He present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A particle accelerator uses which of the following to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40? (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

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In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 220Rn → ? + alpha particle

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Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, 3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ ________ uses electric and magnetic fields to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur.

Correct Answerverifiedparticle a...View AnswerShow Answer

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: t = 25.0 s: What is the half-life of A?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission. What isotope is also produced by this transformation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions is called a .

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nuclear ch...
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A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 10⁷ β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10^-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

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The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 10⁹ yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is

Correct Answer
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A pure sample of tritium, ³H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of ³H and 6.35 mol of ³He present?

Correct Answer
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What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ mol^-1; C = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)

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In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²²⁰Rn → ? + alpha particle

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Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium,³H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

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A uses electric and magnetic fields to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur.

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particle a...
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